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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 31(4): 239-246, oct.-dec. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-299817

ABSTRACT

Organic mulches colonized with microbial biocontrol agents, termed bioenhanced mulches, were tested for their ability to reduce Phytophthora root rot of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Benomyl-resistant mutants of Gliocladium virens (KA 230-1) and Trichoderma harzianum (KA 159.2) isolated from suppressive soils and selected as efficient antagonists of P. cinnamomi were evaluated for their ability to colonize different mulches under controlled laboratory conditions. Sudangrass and a coarse yardwaste were found to be better substrates than a fine yardwaste, woodwaste or rice hulls for biocontrol agents propagules production. The most suitable conditions for colonization were an optimum temperature of 24 C, a moisture content of 20 ( per cent) for sudangrass and 30 ( per cent) for the coarse yardwaste, and a continuous light exposure during a 15-day incubation period. In the greenhouse, fresh sudangrass and coarse yardwaste colonized with G. virens and used as a surface mulch proved to be the best combination for reducing the population of P. cinnamomi in 4-liter pots containing artificially-infested soil. Healthy avocado roots made up 31-37 ( per cent) of the roots in the G. virens-mulch combinations compared to 0 ( per cent) healthy in infested controls after two months.


Subject(s)
Pest Control, Biological/methods , Eukaryota , In Vitro Techniques , Lauraceae , Phytophthora , Trichoderma , Organic Chemicals/analysis , Soil Analysis
2.
Rev. microbiol ; 19(1): 67-70, jan.-mar. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-56221

ABSTRACT

Testou-se o efeito de extratos proteícos de milho à base de NaC1 5% sobre a produçäo de aflatoxina B, em meio de cultura líquido contendo, 2% de extrato de levedura e 20% de sacarose. Dois métodos de extraçäo foram avaliados a partir do peso seco do micélico do fungo Aspergillus flavus e da quantidade de aflatoxina B produzida. Os extratos proteícos das três variedades testadas estimularam o crescimento micelial do fungo. Obteve-se uma maior concentraçäo proteíca nos extratos previamente tratados com acetona. Contudo, os dois métodos se mostraram igualmente viáveis como instrumento na diferenciaçäo varietal do milho, caracterizando a suscetibilidade de "Pipoca Americana" com altos níveis de aflatoxina produzida. "Centralmex N" e "Centralmex O2" apresentaram uma menor produçäo de aflatoxina que o controle. Os resultados sugerem que a composiçäo proteíca do milho pode apresentar elementos tanto eliciadores como inibidores à produçäo de aflatoxina B


Subject(s)
Aspergillus flavus/growth & development , Plant Proteins, Dietary , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Zea mays/analysis , Aflatoxins/biosynthesis , Culture Media , Genotype
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